Kāpēc ir nepieciešams kaulu smadzeņu aspirāts, lai diagnosticētu leikēmiju?

Bone marrow aspiration is the most common and effective method for diagnosing leukemia. Leukemia is the "birthplace" of leukemia, which is the hematopoietic tissue of the bone marrow. Cytological examination of bone marrow aspirate is used to diagnose and observe white blood malignancies. Although leukemia cells can spread to the blood and other organs, only peripheral blood (such as venous blood) is examined. Often can not accurately reflect the disease status of leukemia. An accurate and reliable way to understand changes in bone marrow disease conditions and to understand the efficacy of treatment. Under the microscope of bone marrow smear, leukemia cells have common morphological characteristics: different sizes, most of them increase in volume, increase in nucleocytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclei, often atypical, rough nuclear chromatin, uneven distribution, and relatively small nucleoli. Normal blasts are large and prominent. At the initial diagnosis of acute leukemia, the vast majority of bone marrow images were actively proliferating, significantly active or extremely active, while normal hematopoietic cells were significantly inhibited. The appearance of bone marrow in different types of leukemia is also different, so bone marrow aspiration is not only an effective method for diagnosing leukemia, but also an important basis for leukemia classification. In the course of treatment, multiple bone marrow aspirations are also required to understand the therapeutic effect and the status of bone marrow hematopoietic function. Even after the disease has achieved complete remission after treatment, regular inspections are required to detect the recurrence of leukemia at an early stage and treat it in a timely manner. The method of bone marrow examination is simple. Usually, a small amount of anesthetic is injected locally on the back of the iliac bone or the sternum, and a small drop of bone marrow blood can be aspirated with a bone marrow puncture needle. The operation is safe and does not harm health. Patients should actively cooperate with doctors for bone marrow examination.

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